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WFP¡¯s engagement in middle-income countries (2019¨C2024): Evaluation synthesis

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This synthesis of evidence from evaluations on WFP¡¯s engagement in middle-income countries (MICs) conducted by the Office of Evaluation in 2024 looked at WFP¡¯s strategic positioning, partnerships and results in MICs. It analysed evidence from 73 ÐÓ°ÉÂÛ̳evaluations conducted in 25 MICs, between 2019 and 2024.

Despite representing the majority of WFP¡¯s operational contexts, MICs accounted for only 34 percent of its total funding over the period 2019¨C2024. The synthesis concludes that: 

  • The category of MICs is too broad to inform programming effectively. However, upper-middle-income countries share characteristics that make them particularly distinct within this broader group; 
  • The absence of a clear rationale for WFP¡¯s engagement in such settings has constrained its strategic positioning;  
  • ÐÓ°ÉÂÛ̳could better articulate its strategies and programme offer particularly in MICs hosting refugees and internally displaced persons, and assisting irregular migrants; in MICs where it does not target direct beneficiaries; and in MICs transitioning out of crisis.  

The main elements of strengths identified in the evaluations are: 

  • WFP's increasingly diversified role and programme offer in MICs, while maintaining consolidated service delivery and emergency response functions; 
  • WFP¡¯s adaptive capacity to respond to government requests and pivot towards crisis response.  

Evidence of key contributions by ÐÓ°ÉÂÛ̳in MICs was found in: strengthened food security and nutrition systems; expanded social protection during crises; improved policy frameworks; enhanced disaster preparedness; gender-inclusive economic opportunities; and improved social cohesion and refugee integration into national systems.  

Challenges and missed opportunities in MICs were noted in: 

  • Navigating uncertain financing prospects when countries move from low to middle-income status; 
  • Moving ¡®upstream¡¯ from small-scale, single initiatives and adopting a coherent approach to programming and partnerships, considering the vulnerability to piecemeal donor funding;  
  • Capturing and conveying WFP¡¯s added value and contributions to national systems and capacities.